Success of Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair Therapy and Pulpectomy in the Management of Infected Primary Molars with Poor Prognosis.

Background and aim: To establish lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) therapy as an alternate treatment option in managing infected primary molars with poor prognosis that were indicated for extraction, thereby fulfilling the objective of retaining the primary tooth till its normal exfoliation in the dental arch. Materials and methods: A total of 84 children who met the inclusion criteria requiring extraction in 142 teeth involving primary molars were included in the study. The selected patients were allocated to two groups, that is, group I-LSTR therapy with 3Mix-MP paste and group II-pulpectomy with metapex. All the treated teeth were then clinically and radiographically evaluated after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively, to determine the success between groups I and II. Pearson's Chi-squared test along with the z-test was used to compare the clinical and radiographic success of the two groups (p < 0.05). Results: Pain and tenderness were completely resolved within one month of follow-up in both groups. Abscesses were resolved completely at 1 month in the pulpectomy group and mobility was resolved at 6 months follow-up in both groups. Interradicular and periradicular radiolucency persisted even at 12 months of the follow-up period in both groups. The intergroup comparison revealed no statistical differences between LSTR and pulpectomy procedure and both were equally effective at all time intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Both LSTR therapy with 3Mix-MP and pulpectomy with metapex showed 100% clinical success rates. Radiographically no changes were observed even at the 12-month follow-up period in both groups. LSTR therapy can be an alternative treatment option for pulpally involved primary teeth with poor prognosis and in cases where mechanical instrumentation could not be achieved due to physiologic root resorption. How to cite this article: Sefa I, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Success of Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair Therapy and Pulpectomy in the Management of Infected Primary Molars with Poor Prognosis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(1):41-47.

Comparative Evaluation of Low-level Diode Laser and Electrosurgical Pulpotomy in Primary Molars.

Aim: Considering the advantages of the nonpharmacotherapeutic techniques over the disadvantages of the pharmacotherapeutic agents, there is a need to evaluate clinically as well as radiographically various nonpharmacotherapeutic techniques to fortify them as replacements to the traditional pulpotomy. This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of low-level diode laser (LLDL) and electrosurgical pulpotomy in primary molars. Materials and methods: Seventy primary molars were allocated to group I (n = 35) and group II (n = 35), which underwent LLDL pulpotomy and electrosurgical pulpotomy, respectively. Clinical and radiographic analysis of all the teeth in the two groups was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively. Pearson's Chi-squared test was utilized to evaluate the success of both treatment procedures (p < 0.05). Results: During the 12-month follow-up period, the differences between the groups pertaining to clinical and radiographical evaluation were statistically nonsignificant, although enhanced results were seen in the laser pulpotomy group. There was no significant difference in the success rate observed between the LLDL pulpotomy and electrosurgical pulpotomy group at the end of the 12-month follow-up period. Conclusion: The two pulpotomy techniques were found to be successful enough in strengthening the concept of a potent and safe nonpharmacotherapeutic approach in the management of pulpally involved primary molars. Clinical significance: This study further establishes nonpharmacological pulpotomy techniques as a favorable alternative to traditional pulpotomy methods. How to cite this article: Roy S, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Low-level Diode Laser and Electrosurgical Pulpotomy in Primary Molars. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(4):612-618.

Clinical Performance of Composite Resin Restorations of Primary Incisors with Extensive Carious Lesions Retained by Glass Fiber Post or Biological Post.

Aim: Intracanal posts enhance the resistance of the restoration to mechanical loads and masticatory forces in primary teeth with extensive carious breakdown. This study was done to investigate the clinical performance of composite resin restoration retained by either glass fiber post or biological post in the restoration of primary anterior teeth with extensive carious lesions. Materials and methods: A total of 21 children (with 82 primary anterior teeth) who met the inclusion criteria were involved in the study. The 82 primary maxillary incisors were randomly allocated into two equal groups: groups I (glass fiber post) and II (biological post). All the teeth underwent pulpectomy, followed by glass fiber post or biological post, followed by celluloid strip crown restoration. Clinical analysis of all the teeth in the two groups was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months to assess the success of treatment procedures. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version "17" was used for statistical analysis. Pearson's Chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were utilized to evaluate the success of both treatment procedures. The significance level was predetermined at p < 0.05. Results: At the end of the 12-month follow-up period, 89.4 and 84.2% of composite resin restorations of primary incisors with extensive carious lesions were retained by glass fiber and biological posts, respectively. The intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant differences pertaining to retention loss, marginal discoloration, and marginal adaptation at all follow-up intervals (p > 0.05). Conclusion and clinical significance: Since biological posts are inexpensive and economical, they may replace the commercial post systems available to pediatric dentists. How to cite this article: Jaiswal N, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Clinical Performance of Composite Resin Restorations of Primary Incisors with Extensive Carious Lesions Retained by Glass Fiber Post or Biological Post. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(6):850-857.

Association between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Dietary Preferences, and 2nd Digit-4th Digit (2D:4D) Ratio.

Background and aim: To evaluate the association between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), dietary preferences, and 2nd digit-4th digit (2D:4D) ratio. The objective is to contrast the detection and prevalence of dental caries in children with different sensitivity levels to the bitter taste of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and its association with 2D:4D. Materials and methods: A total of 300 children below 71 months of age were assigned to two study groups-group I (caries-free) and group II (caries). PROP sensitivity test was carried out to determine the inherent genetic ability to taste a bitter or sweet substance. Evaluation of dietary preferences was carried out using a food preference questionnaire, which was completed by the parents of the children to know the child's dietary habits and their sweet, sour, and strong taste preferences. The length of the index (2D) and ring (4D) finger was measured with the help of digital vernier caliper to record the 2D:4D ratio. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using Pearson's Chi-squared test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The results suggested a positive association between S-ECC and dietary preferences but could not establish a straightforward 1:1 relation between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC. Conclusion: An individual considered as nontaster by PROP test was a sweet liker with low 2D:4D ratio having high caries index. The association between 2D:4D ratio and S-ECC should further be explored by taking other influencing factors into consideration before arriving at a definitive conclusion. How to cite this article: Srivastava SK, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Association between Severe Early Childhood Caries, Dietary Preferences, and 2nd Digit-4th Digit (2D:4D) Ratio. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):740-744.

Association between Serum Iron, Serum Ferritin Levels, and Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study.

Aim: The presence of extensive dental caries leads to pain, inflammation, and discomfort and hence interferes with their nutritional intake, which includes iron deficiency anemia. This study was undertaken to determine whether any correlation exists between severe early childhood caries (S-ECC), serum iron, and serum ferritin levels in children. Materials and methods: A total of 688 children were examined in the age-group of 2-6 years, and 82 children who fulfilled the selection criteria were equally divided into group I, that is, case group (carious group n = 41) and group II, that is, control group (caries-free group n = 41), on the basis of decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) scores. All the selected children in both groups underwent blood investigations through phlebotomy for assessment of serum iron and serum ferritin levels. Results: The mean values of variables, that is, hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron, serum ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC), are lower in the case group when compared to control group. The differences observed were statistically significant in case of dmft and UIBC values at p < 0.05 but not significant in cases of other variables like Hb, serum iron, serum ferritin, and TIBC values. Conclusion: An inverse relationship was found between S-ECC, serum iron, and serum ferritin levels, but the evidence is still inconclusive. How to cite this article: Atri Y, Garg N, Pathivada L, et al. Association between Serum Iron, Serum Ferritin Levels, and Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Case-Control Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S288-S292.

Comparative evaluation of intracanal cryotherapy and curcumin as a final irrigant in reducing post endodontic pain in primary teeth.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the intracanal effectiveness of cryotherapy, curcumin irrigant, and normal saline as a final irrigant in reducing postendodontic pain in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 teeth between the ages of 4 and 7 years requiring pulpectomy in primary teeth were included in the study. The teeth were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment groups: intracanal cryotherapy using 2.5°C cold saline, curcumin irrigant, or normal saline. Following completion of chemomechanical preparation, final irrigation with 2.5°C cold saline, curcumin irrigant, and normal saline solution at room temperature were employed in the groups. Participants were asked to rate the severity of their postoperative pain on the Visual Analog Scale before, immediate postoperative after wearing of local anesthetic effect, and 24 h after the procedure. The results were analyzed statistically. Results: The differences in reduction of postendodontic pain between the three irrigating regimens were statistically not significant. Cryotherapy utilizing 2.5°C cold saline or curcumin irrigant can be used instead of normal saline as a final irrigant in pulpectomy of primary teeth. Conclusions: Cryotherapy can be a straightforward, cost-effective, and nontoxic treatment option for the management of postendodontic pain. Curcumin irrigant with its anti-inflammatory properties is also a better alternative as a final irrigant for reducing postoperative pain in primary teeth.

Dilute Silver Diamine Fluoride (1:10) Versus Light Cure Calcium Hydroxide as Indirect Pulp Capping Agents in Primary Molars - A Randomized Clinical Trial.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of diluted silver diamine fluoride (1:10) and light cure calcium hydroxide as indirect pulp capping agents in primary molars. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-six primary molars requiring indirect pulp treatment were randomly allocated to two groups: Dilute SDF (one drop of SDF mixed with 9 drops of distilled water giving a 1:10 dilution) and light cure calcium hydroxide. The indirect pulp treatment was followed by glass ionomer cement restoration and all primary molars received stainless steel crown as full coverage restoration. The teeth were followed up both clinically and radiographically at 1,6- and 12-months' time interval using a pre-determined criterion. The results were statistically analyzed using Chi square analysis. The significance level was set at p ≤0.05. RESULTS: Overall clinical and radiographic success rate of indirect pulp treatment with SDF was 96% and with light cure calcium hydroxide was 91.6% respectively at the end of 12 months but the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Dilute silver diamine fluoride (1:10) can be advocated as potential indirect pulp capping agent in primary molars with deep carious lesions.

Effect of three different conditioning agents on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer restorations - An in vitro study.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the conditioning effects of phosphoric acid/5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixture, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) digluconate, and 10% polyacrylic acid on cavosurface microleakage and bond strength of glass ionomer (GI) restorations. Materials and Methods: Out of 68 extracted premolars, 34 teeth were selected for microleakage and 34 for bond strength evaluation. The samples were divided into the following four groups. Group 1: pretreatment with 50/50 volume% mixture of 5.25% NaOCl solution and 37% phosphoric acid (H3PO4), Group 2:pretreatment with 2% CHX digluconate, Group 3: pretreatment with 10% polyacrylic acid (positive control), and Group 4: no pretreatment (negative control). All the samples were then restored with glass ionomer cement (GIC). Microleakage was evaluated using a stereomicroscope and rhodamine-B dye penetration test. For bond strength, flat dentin surface was exposed and pretreated as mentioned previously and restored with GIC and was evaluated using universal testing machine. Results: Among all the four groups, Group 1 showed least microleakage and highest bond strength when compared with other groups. Whereas the Group 4 samples which were not pretreated with any of the conditioning agent showed the least shear bond strength with greatest cavosurface microleakage when compared to the groups which were pretreated with the conditioning agents. Conclusions: A combination of 50/50 volume % mixture of 37% H3PO4 and 5.25% NaOCl can be a good choice for surface pretreatment of GI restorations.

Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City.

Aim and objective: Recently, molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) has become more evident and one of the most common reasons for loss of teeth in children after dental caries. Being a country with a diverse ethnic population, the prevalence of MIH in different regions of India may differ. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence, pattern, and severity of MIH in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren in Moradabad city. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in various schools of Moradabad city to target a sample of 2,300 children aged between 8 and 12 years. The examination was done in their respective schools by a calibrated examiner in natural daylight using European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry diagnostic criteria for MIH 2015. The results, thus obtained, were statistically analyzed using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) for MIH was reported without any gender predilection. Molar hypomineralization showed a prevalence of 1.3% (29/2300) whereas the prevalence for hypomineralization of second primary molars was 1.4% (22/1620). The most common type of defect was type 2 and most of the affected teeth were of grade I. Mandibular molars were more commonly affected compared to the maxillary molars. Conclusions: A prevalence of 3.96% (91/2300) was observed for MIH. Frequent dental screening camps should be organized in schools at the community level for the enhancement of early diagnosis of MIH and designing appropriate management strategies. How to cite this article: Khan A, Garg N, Mayall SS, et al. Prevalence, Pattern, and Severity of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in 8-12-year-old Schoolchildren of Moradabad City. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):168-174.

Evaluation of biodentine pulpotomy in caries-exposed symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth in 9‒13-year-old children: A 24-month clinico-radiographic observation.

Background: The present study evaluated the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Biodentine pulpotomy for 24 months in symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth with caries exposure. Methods: Seventy-three patients with a chief complaint of spontaneous pain in permanent teeth were screened. Finally, 47 mature permanent teeth underwent a Biodentine pulpotomy procedure. Clinical evaluation of 47 teeth was carried out at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months and radiographic evaluations were made at 6, 12, and 24 months. The success of Biodentine pulpotomy was evaluated using Pearson's chi-square test. The significance level was determined at P<0.05. Results: At 24 months, the clinical and radiographic success rate was 97.78%, with only one clinical failure at 9 months. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic success of Biodentine pulpotomy was high (97.78%). Thus, Biodentine pulpotomy can be an alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) in symptomatic vital mature permanent teeth.

Resorbable Collagen Barrier Impeding the Extrusion of Obturating Material in Primary Molars Undergoing Resorption - A Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of placing a resorbable collagen barrier in impeding the extrusion of obturation material in primary molars undergoing resorption. STUDY DESIGN: All the 94 canals in 47 mandibular molars were allocated to 2 groups- Group 'A'- 47 canals with collagen barrier (Test group) and Group 'B'- 47 canals without collagen barrier (Control group) based on randomization protocol. Pulpectomy was performed and obturation of both test and control canals were radiographically assessed. Pearson's chi - square test was applied to analyze the results. The significance level was predetermined at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Among the test group, 93.6% of the canals showed no extrusion while, 6.4% showed visible extrusion of the material outside the apex. In the control group, 83% showed no extrusion whereas 17% of the canals showed visible extrusion outside the apex. But no significant difference was noted (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The placement of resorbable collagen barrier in the apical third of the canal prevented the extrusion of obturating material beyond the apex in resorbing primary molars.

The effect of 10% alpha-tocopherol solution and 5% grape seed extract on the microhardness and shear bond strength to bleached dentin.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of 10% alpha-tocopherol and 5% grape seed extract on the microhardness and shear bond strength (SBS) to bleached human dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This in vitro study was done on 200 extracted premolars which were decoronated and grinded to get flat dentin surface occlusaly. They were divided into four groups: (a) bleaching, (b) bleaching and application of alpha-tocopherol, (c) bleaching and application of grape seed extract, and (d) control. Groups were further subdivided into Subgroups I and II (n = 30) based on storage period before building with composite and were then tested for microhardness and SBS determination. The data thus obtained was subjected to statistical analysis which was performed using ANOVA test and post hoc Tukey's test. The significance for the entire statistical test was predetermined at P < 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed that the microhardness values were minimum in Group A (immediately after bleaching) and maximum in control group. Comparison of data using one-way ANOVA showed that the P value was highly significant (P < 0.001) among the groups. The intergroup comparison of SBS using post hoc Tukey's tests revealed that the P value was significant (P < 0.05) when the comparison was done between the Group A and Group C and Group B with Group D immediately after bleaching. CONCLUSION: Adverse effects of bleaching can be reversed with the application of 10% alpha-tocopherol and 5% grape seed extract over the dentinal surface microhardness and SBS.

Clinical Measurement of Maximum Mouth Opening in Children Aged 6-12.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical maximum mouth opening in children and its correlation with age, and sex. STUDY DESIGN: Three hundred children of age 6-12 years, from different schools of Moradabad city were included. The participants were divided into three groups based on their age i.e Group 1 (n=100) 6-8 years, Group 2 (n=100) 8-10 years and Group 3 (n=100) 10-12 yrs. Three recordings of maximum mouth opening (MMO) were obtained using digital vernier caliper and the mean of three was considered as the MMO of that child. The data was analyzed using Spearman correlation, ANOVA with post- hoc Bonferroni test. The significance level was predetermined at p≤0.05 . RESULTS: The mean MMO for children of Moradabad of aged 6-8yrs in boys is 39.87 ± 4.91 mm and in girls is 36.85± 4.09 mm. In 8-10 yeas age group, the MMO in boys is 44.5± 5.1 mm and in girls 41.77± 5.24 mm. In 10-12 year age group, the MMO in boys is 49.63± 5.56 mm and in girls is 49.33±5.32 mm respectively. The MMO was found to be higher in boys in all the three age groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant difference in values of MMO in all the three age groups with boys having higher MMO values when compared to girls. Varying range of MMO values was observed within three age groups.

Immersive and Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Distraction on Pain Perception to Intraoral Injections.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of immersive VR (IVR) and non-immersive VR (NIVR) distraction on perceived pain during intraoral injections in children undergoing dental procedures. The objective was to introduce 3-dimensional nature of virtual reality during the provoking phase of dental treatment as a means of distraction in children. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 200 children were selected for the study, 100 for IVR group and 100 for NIVR group. After randomization, children were introduced to Oculus Go Standalone equipment; MCDAS (f), VAS, WBFRS and the treatment procedure using tell show do technique. Group I children were introduced to oculus go standalone headset with hand held controller to play temple run or roller coaster game while in group II, children watched cartoon movies of their choice. Pre-operative & post-operative MCDAS scores were obtained using MCDAS (f) questionnaire in local language. Post-operatively, VAS and WBFRS scores were also obtained. The data was analyzed using independent t-test and chi-square analysis. RESULTS: Pre-operatively, the mean MCDAS scores were similar in both the groups viz. Group-I (29.20 ± 3.197) and Group-II (29.09 ± 3.803) and is statistically not significant. Post-operatively, the mean MCDAS scores were higher in non-immersive group (20.72 ± 2.822) as compared to immersive group (10.99 ± 2.227). VAS score was higher in non-immersive group (2.72 ± 0.99) as compared to immersive group (0.75 ± 0.88). WBFRS scores were higher in non-immersive group (2.78 ± 1.097) as compared to immersive group (0.82 ± 1.104). CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional virtual reality was found to be an effective means of distraction in children undergoing dental procedures and especially during the provoking phase. The significant difference obtained clearly indicates irrespective of immersiveness of virtual reality, anxiety had been decreased and on comparison the pain perception to intraoral injection is less in immersive virtual reality environment. Immersive VR distraction technique can serve as an adjunct to traditional behavior management strategies already available to the pediatric dentist.

Management of Fracture Crown En Masse in Maxillary Central Incisors in a 13-Year-Old Child - A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Traumatic dental injuries are the most common orofacial injuries sustained during play and sports. Injuries to anterior teeth with subgingival fractures present a clinical challenge for a predictable esthetic outcome. The treatment modalities of subgingival fractures are surgical crown lengthening and orthodontic extrusion. The purpose of this article is to report a case of a 13-year-old male patient with a subgingival fracture of maxillary anterior teeth managed by a multidisciplinary approach, utilizing orthodontic extrusion after endodontic treatment followed by prosthetic rehabilitation.

Cooling the soft tissue and its effect on perception of pain during infiltration and block anesthesia in children undergoing dental procedures: A comparative study.

Background. This study assessed the effect of cooling the soft tissue site on the perception of pain in children undergoing local anesthesia for routine dental procedures. Methods. One hundred children, 6‒14 years of age, were assigned to either of the two study groups, i.e., group 1 (infiltration) and group 2 (block anesthesia). One side of the arch served as the test side, where an ice pretreatment (IP) of the soft tissue of the injection site was carried out using a tube of ice for one minute, whereas the opposite side served as the control, where no ice pretreatment (WIP) was carried out. This was followed by the gradual injection of local anesthetic solution. The children's pain perception was assessed by VAS, WB-FPRS and SEM scales. The data were analyzed statistically. Results. WBS, VAS and SEM scores were significantly different between the WIP and IP in both groups, indicating that ice was effective in reducing the pain perception in children. Intergroup comparison revealed no significant differences (P>0.05), indicating that cooling was equally effective in infiltration and block anesthesia. Conclusion. Cooling the soft tissue site helped decrease pain perception during injection in children.

Combined Effect of Enamel Deproteinization and Intermediate Bonding in the Retention of Pit and Fissure Sealants in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

OBJECTIVE: This manuscript shows if enamel deproteinization along with an intermediate layer of bonding enhances the retention of pit and fissure sealants.. STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred six mandibular first permanent molars were allocated to Group I (n=103) and Group II (n=103). Group I underwent deproteinization, acid etching, bonding agent application and pit & fissure sealant placement while Group II treated with acid etching followed by pit & fissure sealant application only. Clinical analysis of all the teeth in the two groups was performed at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months respectively. Pearson's chi - square test was utilized to evaluate the success of both treatment procedures (p<0.05). RESULTS: At 12 months follow up the differences between the groups pertaining to Marginal integrity, Marginal discoloration and Anatomical form were statistically significant suggesting enhanced retention in Group I. CONCLUSIONS: Enamel deproteinization along with the use of intermediate bonding layer significantly enhances the retention of pit and fissure sealants in terms of enhanced marginal integrity, decreased marginal discoloration and preserving the anatomical form.

Comparative Evaluation of Fresh Aloe barbadensis Plant Extract and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate as Pulpotomy Agents in Primary Molars: A 12-month Follow-up Study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of fresh Aloe vera barbadensis plant extract and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy agents in primary molar teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pulpotomy procedure was performed in sixty primary molar teeth which were randomly allocated to two groups, i.e., Aloe vera pulpotomy (Group A) and MTA pulpotomy (Group B). All the pulpotomized teeth were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of time interval using predetermined criteria. RESULTS: The success rates between Groups A and B at the end of the 1st month were 24.1% and 96.4%, at the end of 3rd month were 57.1% and 100%, at the end of 6th month were 75% and 100%, at the end of 9th month were 66.6% and 100%, and at the end of 12 months were 100% and 100% respectively. The overall success rates at the end of 12-month follow-up period were 6.9% and 71.4%, respectively, after taking dropout patients into consideration, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: MTA pulpotomy was found to be superior when compared to fresh A. barbadensis plant extract pulpotomy in primary molars.

Comparative Quantitative Assessments of Salivary Ion Activity Product for Hydroxyapatite and Buffering Capacity in Children with Different Caries Experience.

AIM: If a relation exists between salivary IPHA, buffer capacity and caries experience, then this relationship could be used as screening chair side test for caries risk assessment. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred ninety seven children aged 4 to 6 years were examined. Data was collected by interview and clinical examination. They were divided into low, moderate and high caries experience group of 20 children each. Two ml of each sample was used to measure the pH value with pH meter. Regarding the buffering capacity, freshly prepared hydrochloric acid (HCl) was titrated into saliva and pH was recorded. The collected saliva samples were sent to Laboratory for measurement of calcium and phosphorus. IPHA was calculated and the negative logarithms of IPHA were used to determine the enamel solubility. The correlation between salivary IPHA, buffering capacity and caries experience were evaluated. RESULTS: There was a significant relation between pH, log IPHA and dental caries experience, it could be considered as a predictor of dental caries. CONCLUSION: pH measurement after HCl titration in saliva could be used as chair side screening test for the assessment of caries risk.

Prevalence and Etiology of Traumatic Injuries to the Anterior Teeth among 5 to 8 Years Old School Children in Mathura City, India: An Epidemiological Study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among the 5 to 8 years old children attending the schools in Mathura city. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 1657 children of the age groups: 5, 6, 7 and 8 years from 20 schools situated in various parts of Mathura city were included in this study, utilizing stratified cluster random sampling method. RESULTS: The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth in 5 to 8 years old age group was found to be 2.7%. Males accounted for 3.1% whereas females accounted for 2.3%. Overall, males experienced more traumatic injuries than the females with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The etiology of traumatic injuries was mostly due to falls, followed by bicycle accidents, collisions, violence and bike accidents in that order. How to cite this article: Gojanur S, Yeluri R, Munshi AK. Prevalence and Etiology of Traumatic Injuries to the Anterior Teeth among 5 to 8 Years Old School Children in Mathura City, India: An Epidemiological Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(3):172-175.